Soil is the upper layer of the Earth’s surface where plants grow. It contains minerals, humus, water, air, and living organisms. Healthy soil supports agriculture, forests, and life on Earth.
Soil forms slowly through weathering, where rocks break into smaller particles by wind, water, temperature changes, and living organisms. These particles mix with organic matter to form fertile soil.
| Type | Features | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Sandy Soil | Quick drainage, low nutrients, gritty texture | Groundnut, Watermelon |
| Clay Soil | Holds water, nutrient-rich, heavy | Rice |
| Silty Soil | Smooth, fertile, retains moisture | Wheat, Vegetables |
| Loamy Soil | Balanced, fertile, well-drained | Most Crops |
| Peaty Soil | Dark, rich in humus, holds water | Flowers & Vegetables |
Soil erosion is the removal of fertile topsoil by wind and water. It can be reduced by planting trees, contour farming, and preventing deforestation.
1. What is soil?
Soil is the top layer of Earth where plants grow.
2. Which soil is best for farming?
Loamy soil.
3. Which soil holds the most water?
Clay soil.
4. What is humus?
Decomposed organic matter.
5. What causes soil erosion?
Wind, water, and deforestation.
6. Name four components of soil.
Minerals, humus, water, and air.
7. Which layer is the most fertile?
Topsoil (A Horizon).
8. Why is soil important?
It supports plant growth and food production.
9. Give two methods of soil conservation.
Tree plantation and contour farming.
10. Which soil drains water quickly?
Sandy soil.
Soil is one of Earth’s most valuable natural resources. Protecting soil helps ensure healthy crops, clean water, and a better future for everyone.
Q1. What is soil?
Q2. Best soil for farming?
Q3. Largest particles?
Q4. Smallest particles?
Q5. Humus is
Q6. Clay soil holds
Q7. Sandy soil drains
Q8. Topsoil is
Q9. Weathering forms
Q10. Earthworms
Q11. Peaty soil is rich in
Q12. Silt feels
Q13. Main cause of erosion
Q14. Conservation method
Q15. Plants get nutrients from
Q16. Soil contains
Q17. Dark color in soil often means
Q18. Rice grows well in
Q19. Fastest water loss
Q20. Most fertile layer
Q21. Loamy soil is mixture of
Q22. Soil helps
Q23. Bedrock layer
Q24. Microorganisms in soil
Q25. Air in soil is needed by
Q26. Floods can
Q27. Example of organic matter
Q28. Which stores carbon?
Q29. Best way to protect soil
Q30. Healthy soil supports
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