English Grammar: Part 1, Foundations
Lesson 5: Adjectives
বিশেষণ (Adjective)
1. What is an Adjective?
Adjective is a word that describes or gives more information about a noun or pronoun.
অসমীয়াত:
Adjective (বিশেষণ) হৈছে এনে এটা শব্দ যিয়ে কোনো Noun (বিশেষ্য) বা Pronoun (সৰ্বনাম)-ৰ গুণ, অৱস্থা, সংখ্যা, পৰিমাণ, আকাৰ, ৰং আদি বৰ্ণনা কৰে।
Examples:
He is a good boy.
তেওঁ এজন ভাল ল’ৰা।
She has a beautiful dress.
তাইৰ এটা সুন্দৰ পোছাক আছে।
I have three books.
মোৰ তিনিখন কিতাপ আছে।
ইয়াত good, beautiful, three হৈছে Adjective।
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2. Examples of Adjectives
Adjective Assamese Meaning
good ভাল
bad বেয়া
beautiful সুন্দৰ
ugly কুৎসিত
big ডাঙৰ
small সৰু
tall ওখ
short চাপৰ / সৰু
long দীঘল
young ডেকা
old বুঢ়া / পুৰণি
clever চতুৰ
honest সৎ
lazy এলেহুৱা
brave সাহসী
red ৰঙা
blue নীলা
three তিনি / তিনিটা
much বহু / অধিক
little অলপ
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3. Types of Adjectives
বিশেষণৰ প্ৰকাৰ
A. Adjective of Quality
গুণবাচক বিশেষণ
These adjectives describe the quality or nature of a person or thing.
Examples:
He is a brave man.
তেওঁ এজন সাহসী মানুহ।
Rina is a clever girl.
ৰীণা এগৰাকী চতুৰ ছোৱালী।
It is a beautiful flower.
এইটো এটা সুন্দৰ ফুল।
brave, clever, beautiful = Adjectives of Quality.
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B. Adjective of Quantity
পৰিমাণবাচক বিশেষণ
These adjectives tell us how much of something there is.
Examples:
I have some water.
মোৰ অলপ পানী আছে।
He has much money.
তেওঁৰ বহু ধন আছে।
There is little milk in the glass.
গিলাচটোত অলপ গাখীৰ আছে।
some, much, little = Adjectives of Quantity.
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C. Adjective of Number
সংখ্যাবাচক বিশেষণ
These adjectives tell us how many people or things there are, or their order.
Examples:
I have five pens.
মোৰ পাঁচটা কলম আছে।
She has two brothers.
তাইৰ দুজন ভাই আছে।
He came first in the race.
তেওঁ দৌৰত প্ৰথম হ’ল।
five, two, first = Adjectives of Number.
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D. Demonstrative Adjective
নিৰ্দেশক বিশেষণ
These adjectives point out a particular person or thing.
Common demonstrative adjectives:
this, that, these, those
Examples:
This book is mine.
এইখন কিতাপ মোৰ।
That house is big.
সেইটো ঘৰ ডাঙৰ।
These flowers are beautiful.
এইবোৰ ফুল সুন্দৰ।
Those boys are playing.
সেই ল’ৰাবোৰ খেলি আছে।
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E. Possessive Adjective
অধিকাৰবাচক বিশেষণ
These adjectives show possession or ownership.
Common possessive adjectives:
my, your, his, her, its, our, their
Examples:
This is my book.
এইখন মোৰ কিতাপ।
That is your pen.
সেইটো তোমাৰ কলম।
This is his car.
এইখন তেওঁৰ গাড়ী।
Our school is beautiful.
আমাৰ বিদ্যালয়খন সুন্দৰ।
Their house is big.
তেওঁলোকৰ ঘৰ ডাঙৰ।
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F. Interrogative Adjective
প্ৰশ্নবাচক বিশেষণ
These adjectives are used with nouns to ask questions.
Common interrogative adjectives:
what, which, whose
Examples:
What book do you want?
তুমি কোনখন কিতাপ বিচাৰিছা?
Which pen is yours?
কোনটো কলম তোমাৰ?
Whose bag is this?
এইটো কাৰ বেগ?
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4. Position of Adjectives
Adjectives are commonly used in two positions.
A. Before a Noun
Noun-ৰ আগত
a beautiful girl
এগৰাকী সুন্দৰ ছোৱালী
a big house
এটা ডাঙৰ ঘৰ
a red flower
এটা ৰঙা ফুল
B. After a Linking Verb
Linking Verb-ৰ পিছত
The girl is beautiful.
ছোৱালীজনী সুন্দৰ।
The boy is clever.
ল’ৰাজন চতুৰ।
The water is cold.
পানীখিনি ঠাণ্ডা।
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5. Degrees of Adjectives
বিশেষণৰ অৱস্থা বা তুলনাৰ স্তৰ
Adjectives generally have three degrees:
1. Positive Degree – সাধাৰণ অৱস্থা
2. Comparative Degree – তুলনামূলক অৱস্থা
3. Superlative Degree – সৰ্বোচ্চ অৱস্থা
Example:
Positive: Ram is tall.
ৰাম ওখ।
Comparative: Ram is taller than John.
ৰাম জনতকৈ ওখ।
Superlative: Ram is the tallest boy in the class.
ৰাম শ্ৰেণীটোৰ সকলোতকৈ ওখ ল’ৰা।
More Examples
Positive Comparative Superlative
tall taller tallest
small smaller smallest
big bigger biggest
fast faster fastest
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
intelligent more intelligent most intelligent
good better best
bad worse worst
little less least
many more most
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6. Adjective vs Noun
Compare:
A red flower.
এটা ৰঙা ফুল।
Here:
flower = Noun
red = Adjective
Another example:
The elephant is big.
হাতীটো ডাঙৰ।
elephant = Noun
big = Adjective
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7. Adjective vs Adverb
It is important to understand the difference.
Adjective describes a noun or pronoun.
Adverb usually describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Examples:
He is a slow runner.
তেওঁ এজন লেহেমীয়া দৌৰবিদ।
slow = Adjective
He runs slowly.
তেওঁ লাহে লাহে দৌৰে।
slowly = Adverb
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8. Common Adjectives in Sentences
1. She is a good student.
তাই এগৰাকী ভাল ছাত্ৰী।
2. He bought a new car.
তেওঁ এখন নতুন গাড়ী কিনিলে।
3. The elephant is huge.
হাতীটো বিশাল।
4. I saw a beautiful bird.
মই এটা সুন্দৰ চৰাই দেখিলোঁ।
5. He is an honest man.
তেওঁ এজন সৎ মানুহ।
6. This is a difficult question.
এইটো এটা কঠিন প্ৰশ্ন।
7. She has long hair.
তাইৰ দীঘল চুলি আছে।
8. The box is heavy.
বাকচটো গধুৰ।
9. We live in a small village.
আমি এটা সৰু গাঁৱত বাস কৰোঁ।
10. The sky is blue.
আকাশখন নীলা।
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9. How to Identify an Adjective
এটা বাক্যত Adjective চিনাক্ত কৰিবলৈ নিজকে এই প্ৰশ্নবোৰ সোধক:
What kind?
কেনেকুৱা?
Which one?
কোনটো / কোনখন?
How many?
কিমানটা / কিমানজন?
How much?
কিমান পৰিমাণ?
Example:
She has three beautiful flowers.
flowers = Noun
three = How many? → Adjective
beautiful = What kind? → Adjective
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10. Quick Practice
Identify the Adjectives:
1. He is a brave soldier.
2. I have two books.
3. She bought a new dress.
4. This is a beautiful garden.
5. There is little water in the bottle.
6. Those boys are intelligent.
7. My father has a black car.
8. Raju is a clever boy.
9. The elephant is large.
10. She is an honest woman.
Answers:
1. brave
2. two
3. new
4. beautiful
5. little
6. those
7. black
8. clever
9. large
10. honest
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Lesson Summary | পাঠৰ সাৰাংশ
Adjective = বিশেষণ
An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.
অসমীয়াত:
Adjective হৈছে Noun বা Pronoun-ৰ গুণ, সংখ্যা, পৰিমাণ, ৰং, আকাৰ, অৱস্থা আদি প্ৰকাশ কৰা শব্দ।
Examples:
good boy = ভাল ল’ৰা
red flower = ৰঙা ফুল
three books = তিনিখন কিতাপ
beautiful girl = সুন্দৰ ছোৱালী
my pen = মোৰ কলম
this house = এইটো ঘৰ